1730 in British rumors: Chesterfield

Date: 2024-11-16 08:11 pm (UTC)
mildred_of_midgard: (Default)
From: [personal profile] mildred_of_midgard
While I was at UCLA, I browsed some books on the shelves. I found Chesterfield's letters, which I already knew contained a hilarious quote about FW and predestination, and immediately decided to see what he said about Peter.

I was delighted to see that he mentions Meinerzhagen dying from the discovery that Peter had escaped to England! You may recall that Peter said in his memoirs that another ambassador had told him that he was accountable for Meinerzhagen's death, and then I found Du Moulin's letter confirming that he did die right after the discovery of Peter's death (though Du Moulin doesn't connect his death with their recent adventures).

Chesterfield:

The Hague, August 22 N.S. 1730

Arrival. The Pensionary is in bed with gout. Mr. Kaith, pursued by Russians sent by the King of Prussia to murder him, has escaped to England. 'Monsieur Meinertzhagen, the King of Prussia's minister, died last night of the fright and agitation this accident has thrown him into.'


This is the first I've heard of any Russians. I think Chesterfield had just gotten back to The Hague and his information was still incorrect.

By September 1, Chesterfield has more accurate information. He wrote to Thomas Robinson, envoy to Vienna:

The late attempt of the Prince Royal of Prussia to make his escape has occasioned great noise here, the public being persuaded that it was on account of his being pressed to turn Papist in order to be married to an archduchess. Colonel Du Moulin, who was come here by the King of Prussia's order, to claim Lieutenant Kait, escaped from Wezell upon this account, and to bring him back dead or alive, and to spare no money for that purpose, not having succeeded in his pursuits (the said lieutenant having found means to get out of this country), left this place three weeks ago to return to Berlin. Monsieur Meinertzhagen, Prussian Envoy here, died of the consternation and agitation this perquisition gave him.

I had read (in MacDonogh?) that the story that Fritz escaped because of the MT marriage plot spread among the public and garnered him much (Protestant) sympathy, but it's interesting to see an actual contemporary account demonstrating it.

"to spare no money for that purpose" That's saying a lot, coming from FW!

Du Moulin can't have left three weeks ago, as Peter escaped only two weeks ago. Looking at the letter in which Du Moulin reports his departure from The Hague for Berlin to FW, he wrote on September 10 that he departed on August 28th, so closer to 3 *days* than 3 weeks before Chesterfield's letter to Robinson.

On September 5th, one of Chesterfield's letters (to yet a different recipient) contains a passage the editor has chosen to summarize as "The King of Prussia's ill-treatment of his son." Come on, editor, I need deets!

Ooh, I can order the letter. Hmm. I might do that. My Peter Keith bio *is* covering the British rumors of what was going on in Prussia, as those would have been what Peter was hearing and worrying and feeling guilty about, accurate or not.

September 15:

My last letters from Berlin inform me that the King of Prussia had beaten the Princess Royal, his daughter, most unmercifully--dragged her about the room by the hair, kicking her in the belly and breast, till her cries alarmed the officer of the guards, who came in. She keeps her bed of the bruises she received. Twenty pence a day is allowed for the maintenance of the Prince Royal in the Castle of Custrin; and the inquiry is carried on with rigour, under the direction of Monsieur Grumkow.

September 19:

Monsieur Masch, the King of Prussia's Envoy, arrived here last Saturday, but has neither been sent to me nor been with me yet; till he has been with me I shall take no notice of him at all. Apropos of His Prussian Majesty, pray let me know what Count Degenfeldt has done, or proposes doing about his audience; I hear he writes a good deal in the style of his predecessor Reichenbach. I am very apprehensive for the Prince Royal, for after the length things have already been carried to against him, Grumkow must be as great a fool as he is a knave if he lets him live.

Chesterfield is presumably thinking that Fritz will take his revenge when he becomes king? We'll never know how Fritz would have treated Grumkow, who died just in time.

I know Reichenbach and Degenfeld well, but Masch is not a name I know.

September 29:

Monsr. Masch, the King of Prussia's Resident here, having visited some other ministers and not having been with me, nor sent, I intend if he should now make me a visit, as I am informed he designs, to refuse it. I am not scrupulously nice in those things, but I think it would be too great a want of regard to the character his Majesty honours me with here, if I should now either return or receive his visit till he makes me the proper reparation; and therefore I hope his Majesty will approve of the resolution I have taken.

October 10:

Monsieur Masch's impertinence to me must certainly have been by orders from his Court, for he has lately made the first visit to several envoys who had not been with him at all, which it is impossible could have proceeded from ignorance or inexperience, and which I think he could do in no other view than to make his distinction of me more remarkable. I have had it intimated to him not to pretend to come to me now unless to make reparation, but I have not yet heard what he proposes doing...

P.S. The Postmaster of Leyden informs me that he has already sent you several copies of Count Degenfeldt's correspondence; the Pensionary will do his utmost to get at those letters, but there are two difficulties: one is that the post offices belong to burgomasters who often will not do it; and the other is, that they have nobody here expert at opening and closing letters, to that the affair would immediately be discovered by their bungling.


The life of an envoy!

October 31, summary by the editor:

The copy of H.M.'s declration in answer to the King of Prussia's extraordinary document is judged by the Dutch to be extremely strong and high-spirit.

I can guess the extraordinary document is the unpunctuated, barely coherent "If there were 100,000 such Kattes I'd make all their heads roll," but I don't think I've ever seen G2's extremely strong and high-spirited response!

December 8:

The Pensionary thinks it absurd to treat at all with the King of Prussia, as whatever he may say, you can only expect 'the worst from a Prince who has shaken off all the ties of faith, justice, or reputation.'

And finally, the famous letter I quoted near the beginning of salon: December 12:

The King of Prussia in the oath he prepared for the Prince to swallow, among many other things, has made him swear that he will never believe in the doctrine of Predestination! A very unnecessary declaration in my mind for any body who has the misfortune of being acquainted with him to make, since he himself is a living proof of free-will, for Providence can never be supposed to have pre-ordained such a creature!

You go, Chesterfield!

Given how much of this is editor summary and not Chesterfield quotes, I'm going to put in a request for price checks with the British archives (even though the price checks themselves are expensive), because this is too good to pass up.
Edited Date: 2024-11-16 09:09 pm (UTC)

Re: 1730 in British rumors: Chesterfield

Date: 2024-11-17 11:24 am (UTC)
selenak: (Default)
From: [personal profile] selenak
The late attempt of the Prince Royal of Prussia to make his escape has occasioned great noise here, the public being persuaded that it was on account of his being pressed to turn Papist in order to be married to an archduchess.

Now what I want to know is: where, at this point, is this story coming from? I mean, since it's untrue, there must have been a specific point of origin. I would imagine gossip in Protestant The Hague, except people at The Hague are familiar enough with the Hohenzollern - who lest we forget still call themselves "Prince of Orange" among their titles, are in laws, and FW specifically did visit the country repeatedly - to be aware that FW is an ill-tempered, forcible recruiting mean tyrant, but he's also hardcore Protestant and loathes the Church of Rome. This is just not a natural explanation. So my current suspicion is that the origin is actually Fritz via Katte, because Katte talked to Lövenörn and Guy-Dickens, and this is how the story got into circulation among the British aristocracy/diplomatic circles.


My last letters from Berlin inform me that the King of Prussia had beaten the Princess Royal, his daughter, most unmercifully--dragged her about the room by the hair, kicking her in the belly and breast, till her cries alarmed the officer of the guards, who came in.


And from there it gets to almost beating her blind (Egmont) or throwing her out of the window (Voltaire). This said, Chesterfield's version is somewhat close to how Wilhelmine herself describes the incident (hair dragging, then beating), minutes "the officers of the guard" where she gives credit to the heroic lady in waiting standing up to FW instead. As opposed to the "Fritz fled because he was supposed to convert and marry MT" story, you can see here the true core (FW getting physically violent towards Wilhemine when he returned in August) behind all the embellishments added by rumor.

BTW, it's also sad and telling about the time that bad treatment by FW WITHOUT any pressure to convert is evidently not thought a good enough reason for Fritz to flee by the Brits.

Chesterfield is presumably thinking that Fritz will take his revenge when he becomes king? We'll never know how Fritz would have treated Grumkow, who died just in time.

I read it as Chesterfield implying that Grumbkow the villain would be an utter idiot if he lets Fritz live given he's given Fritz all the reason to hate him, and that he, Chesterfield, is afraid that Grumbkow will engineer Fritz' death one way or the other to prevent future Fritzian revenge.

This reminds me of how I theorized that if Disney ever does a version of the Crown Prince Fritz story, they'll make Grumbkow and Seckendorff into the villains instead of FW so FW and Fritz can have a heartfelt honest reconciliation at the end of the movie. It's of course completley misreading Grumbkow's (and Seckendorff's) agenda and roles. Yes, they're (at this point) anti British and were only too happy to do their part in foiling the British marriage project, not least because Grumbkow gets Austrian money and Seckendorff, representing Team Habsburg, has good reason not to want a Hannover-Prussia-England superstate at some point in the future. But in the best Mafia style, none of this is personal and anti-Fritz, it's business, and in fact Grumbkow right then when Chesterfield suspects him is doing his best to make nice with Fritz, dispensing advice on how to deal with FW, so the currently good Austria-Prussia relations don't end the moment FW breathes his last.

Now, given Grumbkow's advice contains such gems as "distance yourself somewhat from your sister" (causing long term havoc in that relationship) as well as the more useful "show some interest in your other siblings, pointedly your brothers, that will please your father", I'm not saying he was Mr. Misunderstood Goodness, but since we do have all the Seckendorff-Eugene letters from the late 1720s and early 1730s and later the Fritz-Grumbkow letters from the early 1730s, we do actually know Grumbkow and Seckendorff always assumed Fritz would be the next King. There was never any attempt to stop that from happening. There were all the attempts of ensuring he would be a King following the same political allignments as FW was right then, and this contributed to poisoning the atmosphere and heating up the marital warfare between SD and FW, so Fritz (and Wilhelmine) loathing them both regardless comes as no surprise. As to what Fritz would have done if Grumbkow hadn't died at just the right moment -

Seckendorff, from Magdeburg Fortress: Is that even a question?

Self: Yes, it is. Fritz used the opportunity the 7 Years War gave him to have you arrested and imprisoned, but that opportunity wasn't available for Grumbkow in 1740.

Seckendorff: Pfff. He'd have created it. He'd have fired him from the council first, because as opposed to the Old Dessauer, Grumbkow wasn't popular with the army, no one would have mourned for him. And then, once Silesia 1 had started, he'd have drummed up a charge to arrest him as an Austrian spy. I know whereof I speak!

I can guess the extraordinary document is the unpunctuated, barely coherent "If there were 100,000 such Kattes I'd make all their heads roll," but I don't think I've ever seen G2's extremely strong and high-spirited response!

Me neither. Why I do wonder whether it wasn't: "Fuck you, Cousin, if I don't get to kill my son Fritz, I don't see why you should get to kill yours!"

The famous Chesterfield quote is great, but you'd think that FW's obsession around the doctrine of Predestination would have clued the Brits in to the fact that this wasn't a guy taking his religion lightly.




Re: 1730 in British rumors: Chesterfield

Date: 2024-11-21 12:08 am (UTC)
mildred_of_midgard: (Default)
From: [personal profile] mildred_of_midgard
Now what I want to know is: where, at this point, is this story coming from? I mean, since it's untrue, there must have been a specific point of origin

I read somewhere recently that it came from Fritz and Katte, but one, I don't remember where (I did a survey of every book on Fritz on the UCLA library shelves 3 weeks ago), two, it sounded like speculation. But like you, I think it makes sense.

where she gives credit to the heroic lady in waiting standing up to FW instead.

And she's not the only account to give credit to the lady in waiting.

BTW, it's also sad and telling about the time that bad treatment by FW WITHOUT any pressure to convert is evidently not thought a good enough reason for Fritz to flee by the Brits.

Or Katte, apparently! Well, admittedly Katte was being asked to get involved himself, but still. The thread of Catholicism is apparently what pushed him over the edge!

And then, once Silesia 1 had started, he'd have drummed up a charge to arrest him as an Austrian spy. I know whereof I speak!

Lol!

Me neither. Why I do wonder whether it wasn't: "Fuck you, Cousin, if I don't get to kill my son Fritz, I don't see why you should get to kill yours!"

Hahaha, omg. If I weren't so busy, I'd be tempted to see if I could track this down. I've put it on my Trello todo list. Maybe it'll get done.

The famous Chesterfield quote is great, but you'd think that FW's obsession around the doctrine of Predestination would have clued the Brits in to the fact that this wasn't a guy taking his religion lightly.

Yeah, but notice this comes from Chesterfield, who also thinks it's absurd that anyone believes that FW would beat his son into converting to Catholicism. It's Egmont who thinks that, and we have no evidence that he knew about the predestination thing!

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